Software Developer Page

I-Surgery using PHP6

2010-10-19T20:54:00.000-07:00

For those who want to learn PHP on how to design a simple interface on Booking system. Feel free to click the below link to view the source codes.
http://rapidshare.com/files/426092105/I-Surgery.rar.

The research paper for this project will be posted in few weeks time.. feel free to browse through my blogs for udpdate. Thanks =)

How to Drive Servive Innovation for an organization?

2010-10-19T20:21:00.001-07:00

View more documents from josephtys86.

This is part of my assignment on how to design a service system and driving innovation for organization to achieve competitiveness.

SAP BW- Transaction codes

2010-10-19T20:20:00.001-07:00

Bi transaction codes

View more documents from josephtys86.

SAP BW- Overview of SAP BW

2010-10-19T20:14:00.001-07:00

Bw training 1 intro dw

View more presentations from josephtys86.

SAP BW - Administrative Workbench

2010-10-19T20:13:00.003-07:00

Bw training 2 admin wb

View more presentations from josephtys86.

SAP BW - Administrative Workbench

2010-10-19T20:13:00.001-07:00

Bw training 2 admin wb

View more presentations from josephtys86.

SAP BW - Data Modeling

2010-10-19T20:11:00.000-07:00

Bw training 3 data modeling

View more presentations from josephtys86.

SAP BW - Data Extraction

2010-10-19T20:08:00.000-07:00

Bw training 4 extraction

View more presentations from josephtys86.

ODS

2010-10-19T20:05:00.001-07:00

Bw training 5 ods and bc

View more presentations from josephtys86.

SAP BW- Overview of BW Reporting

2010-10-19T19:53:00.000-07:00

Bw training 7 bw reporting b ex 1

View more presentations from josephtys86.

Presentation slides on SAP BW Overview. Feel free to ask me any questions if you have any doubts.

Labview Basic I and II course

2009-10-08T09:41:00.000-07:00

I have uploaded some of the Labview Basic I and II course for the beginner to learn. Please kindly ask me any questions if you don't understand how the systems work. I will do my best to provide you solutions. The course can be downloaded from the links below:

http://rapidshare.com/files/290443132/LabVIEW_Basics_l_CBT.rar

http://rapidshare.com/files/290369633/LabVIEW_Basics_ll_CBT.rar.html

How to create an ATM machine using Labview

2009-10-03T01:41:00.000-07:00

In this project, I am going to demonstrate on how to use event structure and serial link to connect the PC and server without any breakdown. Real Time System is about working concurrently. For example, when the ATM machine break down, the PC should still able to function and allowed the customer to withdraw money and check and their bank account. There are many things which can be involved, so I am going to show you how you can apply Labview to do it.

It might be hard at first, I will try my best to walk you through the tutorial. The overall solutions can be dowloaded from http://rapidshare.com/files/290341895/RTS-1.rar.html

User Manual to run the Spam filter

2009-07-08T02:07:00.001-07:00

Dear Reader, This is the User Manual to run the source code. Remember to reference the codes.

User Manual for Window user (Bayesian)

1. Go to the source directories of Bayesian filtering.

2. Open the workspace.

3. Right click on each project and build it.

4. In Visual Studio, set the project setting with the following arguments for training.

[Directories of ham files] [Directory of spam files] [Parser Type].

5. Then for the classification, the setting for the arguments will be [Directories of the spam message] [directories of the word level probability] [parser type]

User Manual for Window user (SVM)

1. Go to the source directories of SVM.

2. Open the workspace.

3. Right click on each project and build it.

4. For training, set the project setting as the following argument.

[directories of spam files] [directories of ham files].

For training the example, set the project setting as the following argument. [the directories of the trainin.dat] [model.dat]

For classification, set the project setting as the following argument.

[directories of the spam message] [directories of the model.dat] [directories of the Word_count.dat]

User commands for Linux User (Bayesian)

1) Go to the application at the UBUNTU GUI and select terminal.

2) In the terminal, type the command to link to the Bayesian directories.

3) To compile the source code, type make-clean then type make. Now the file is compiled and the binary will be generate in the bin directory.

4) To train the dataset, go to the spamfiltering directories and type ./bin/trainer ../spam_files ../ham_files WORD

5) To classify the spam, type ./bin/classifier

User command for Linux User (SVM)

1. Go to the application at the UBUNTU GUI and select terminal.

2. In the terminal, change the directory to SVM_spam by typing cd Desktop\SVM_spam

3. To compile the source code, type make-clean then type make. Now the file is compiled and the binary will be generate in the bin directory.

4. To run the feature extractor, type ./bin/feature_extractor ../spam_files ../ham_files

5 . To run the svm_learn, type ./bin/svm_learn ../training.dat model.data

6. Then type cat training.dat

User Manual to run the Spam filter

2009-07-08T02:07:00.000-07:00

Dear Reader, This is the User Manual to run the source code. Remember to reference the codes.

User Manual for Window user (Bayesian)

1. Go to the source directories of Bayesian filtering.

2. Open the workspace.

3. Right click on each project and build it.

4. In Visual Studio, set the project setting with the following arguments for training. [Directories of ham files] [Directory of spam files] [Parser Type].

5. Then for the classification, the setting for the arguments will be [Directories of the spam message] [directories of the word level probability] [parser type]

User Manual for Window user (SVM)

1. Go to the source directories of SVM.

2. Open the workspace.

3. Right click on each project and build it.

4. For training, set the project setting as the following argument.

[directories of spam files] [directories of ham files].

5. For training the example, set the project setting as the following argument. [the directories of the trainin.dat] [model.dat]

6. For classification, set the project setting as the following argument.

[directories of the spam message] [directories of the model.dat] [directories of the Word_count.dat]

User commands for Linux User (Bayesian)

1) Go to the application at the UBUNTU GUI and select terminal.

2) In the terminal, type the command to link to the Bayesian directories

3) To compile the source code, type make-clean then type make. Now the file is compiled and the binary will be generate in the bin directory.

4) To train the dataset, go to the spamfiltering directories and type ./bin/trainer ../spam_files ../ham_files WORD

5) To classify the spam, type ./bin/classifier

User command for Linux User (SVM)

1. Go to the application at the UBUNTU GUI and select terminal.

2. In the terminal, change the directory to SVM_spam by typing cd Desktop\SVM_spam

3. To compile the source code, type make-clean then type make. Now the file is compiled and the binary will be generate in the bin directory.

4. To run the feature extractor, type ./bin/feature_extractor ../spam_files ../ham_files

5. To run the svm_learn, type ./bin/svm_learn ../training.dat model.data

6. Then type cat training.dat

Support Vector Machine Architecture

2009-07-08T00:21:00.000-07:00

Introduction to SVM

A support vector machine (SVM) is a computer algorithm that classifies a given example by assigning labels to objects through a number of training examples (William, 2006). This algorithm consists of classification and regression algorithms, which were developed by Vapnik and it is gaining popularity due to many attractive features, and its promising empirical performance. For instance, an SVM can be used in the game development by clustering around the graphics into 3D graphic. Alternatively, an SVM can detect handwritten digits by examine large collection of scanned images of handwritten zeroes, ones and so forth (William, 2006).

SVM algorithms are often based on the Structural Risk Minimization (SRM) principle from statistical learning theory. The role of the SRM is to find an optimal hyper lane for which the lowest true error can be guaranteed. This framework has developed into an e learning algorithm when trained from a finite data set, and formed the ‘true’ performance when used in practice.
For a details explaination on how SVM work, you can download this project which written by me for my Final Year Project at http://rapidshare.com/files/253305852/SVM.docx.html. Anyway, please quote a reference, if you want to take this for future research & development. Thank you.

Bayesian filtering architecture

2009-07-07T23:54:00.000-07:00

How Bayesian Filtering work?

First of all, there is need to tokenize the email, by separating the message in the email body into small parts. After the message being tokenized, the next process is to map them into the dictionary table which is also known as the frequency table. In this frequency table, the number occurrences of the same words will be analyzed. Then, the probability of the email will be calculated using the Bayes’ theorem rule by categorize whether the words or tokens is spam or non-spam.

The final step is to modify the values of the token in the dictionary, for example, by setting the threshold level by removing fewer frequent items. This process, however, gives a better impact in filtering the binary message. While sometimes binary results are not required, it will still be able to produce the probability of bulk mail being spam. This probability can work in many ways, but most of the Bayesian filtering implemented today will be based on this: those messages that message that are under 0.5% will be judged as non-spam. While the message above the rate of 0.5% which is 0.5%-1% will be judged as possible spam.

How to extract message using N-Gram?

In the N-Gram extraction approach, frequent tokens such as N phrased word are extracted for the use of corpus training. Let ₁, g₂, g_L) be the ordered list (in decreasing frequency) of the most frequent n-grams of the training corpus. Then, each message is represented as a vector of length L <>1, x₂, ....., x_L>, where x_idepends on g_i. Two text representation approaches is used in N-Gram process:

1. Binary: The value of x_i may be one (if g_i is included at least once in the message) or zero (if g_i is not included in the message.

Term Frequency (TF): The value of x_icorresponds to the frequency of occurrence (normalized by the message length) of g_iin the message

How to test the filter?

By using the filter for testing, first the probability is calculated as described below in figure 1, and according to its results the records in the token dictionary are modified. At this point, the value is initialized to one (for the case, where none of the words are matching from the token dictionary). ALL (no. of all e-mails) = SPAM +HAM (number of legitimate letters, added to the number of all spam letters).
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
- LLet us call a word “matching word”, if the word has existed both in the letter and in the token dictionary.

- (“matching words” | “letter is spam” ) = _{for all matched words} (N₁value of the current word / SPAM).

- P (“matching words” | “letter is legitimate”) = _{for all matched words} (N₂value of the current word / SPAM).

- P (“letter is spam”) = SPAM/ ALL.

- P (“letter is legitimate”) = HAM/ ALL.

- P (“letter is spam” | “matching words”) = P(“letter is legitimate”) * P(“matching words” | letter is legitimate”)

- Fi Final result : P (“letter is spam” | “matching words”) /

P (“letter is legitimate” | “matching words”)
Figure 1: Calculation of the probability
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

The source codes for the training can be download from the given links from http://rapidshare.com/files/253317113/Spam_Filt.rar.html

What programming books is good for reference?

2009-06-24T04:29:00.001-07:00

There are many books out there, which you find it useful for learning new programming languages. If you were to ask me, how did I managed to master my programming skills? My answers to you is that, first you start to design a software prototype. Then, you write some algorithms or pseudocode before real codes apply.

I believed for most of the programmer out there, they often prefer a good programming book rather than a poor commented books. Below is the lists of programming books which I highly recommend.

For C++ :

A complete guide to programming in C++ by -Ulla Kirch-Prinz and Peter Prinz-
Object-oriented programming in C++ by -Robert Lafore

For Python:

Core Python programming (second edition) by - Wesly J.Chun

For C#

Murach C# training reference by -Joel Murach

For Assembly Language

Assembly Language step-by-step by - Jeff Duntemann.

Want to learn machine learning algorithms?

2009-06-24T04:16:00.000-07:00

In this post, I will write some sample codes on machine learning algorithms. This is more like a self-learning, as I never take any AI modules from the University courses. I will try my best to write the codes and explain them line by lines. If you have any problems and comments, please do write to my email, so I can improve my programming.

Here are the lists of machine algorithms that I am going to discuss:

Bayesian
Support Vector Machine

Those algorithms above will be used on text classification. Meaning, I will teach you how to write a C++ program on spam filtering techniques. Sounds interesting?

Learning ASM on 8086 machine

2009-06-24T04:04:00.000-07:00

Want to learn Assembly languages, well here are the samplecodes on Floppy disk subroutine, which written by me. If you have any doubts or question on the code, please let me know. This is a 100% working code as I score high grade for my asssembly programming.

; *****************************************************
;FLOPPY DISK SUB ROUTINE CODE
;

; *****************************************************************************

BITS 16 ; Set code generation to 32 bit mode
ORG 0×0100 ; Set code start address to 0100h

SECTION .text ; Main code section -
; test code for subroutines goes here

MAIN:
;sector sector parameters that we need to test
;head=0,track=0,sector=0
mov dh,0 ;head
mov ch,5 ;track
mov cl,2 ;sector
mov bx, Sector1 ;buffer address

;;;;;;;;;;;;#TEST-1#;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
;Now test initSector
mov al,’A’ ;41H- value to initialize
;no need to set the other arguments as we have already set them earlier
call InitSector

;if you want to see the results just uncomment the below call to DisplaySector
;see the sector contens again to check if the init is working OK?
;call DisplaySector
;;;;;;;;;;;;#END of TEST-1#;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;

;;;;;;;;;;;;#TEST-2#;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
;Test setByteAt and GetByteAt routines
;set byte at index 496 of the same sector to ‘X’
mov DI, 496
mov DL, ‘X’
call SetByteAt

;set byte at index 508 of the same sector to ‘Y’
mov DI, 508
mov DL,’Y’
call SetByteAt

;set byte at index 510 of the same sector to ‘Z’
mov DI, 510
mov DL, ‘Z’
call SetByteAt

;we can see the partial test results at this point
;see the sector again to check if the bytes have been set properly
;call DisplaySector

;now we will get the byte that we just set at location 510 and
;use the return value to set another location 509 to see if get/set
;combination is working OK

mov AL,0 ;reset AL before we get the return value. Just to make sure return value we get is the right one
mov SI, 510 ;byte location for GetByteAt routine
call GetByteAt

;now set the byte 511 to the value returned in AL
mov DL,AL ;pass return value in AL as argument to setByteAt
mov DI,511
call SetByteAt

;see the results, Last line of the sector should have two ‘Z’ at end
;and ‘X’ and ‘Y’ on the other locations we set
;rest of the sector would be all ‘A’s as we initSector to ‘A’
call DisplaySector

;;;;;;;;;;;;#End of TEST-2#;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;

;;;;;;;;;;;;#TEST-3#;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
;now we will test getSubSector and setSubsector routines
; we will get the last 16 bytes of the current sector that we just
;initialized in test1 and 2 and then use this subsector to set
;the preceding 16 bytes subsector of the same sector

mov SI, 496 ;we need to start with index 496 i.e start of last line
mov AX, 16 ; we need to get 16 bytes subsector
mov BP, SubSector1 ;buffer for subsector
call GetSubSector ;no need to set other arguments as they are already set earlier

;now we have subsector of 16 bytes into buffer Subsector1
;lets set the subsector now
mov DI, 480
call SetSubSector

;see the results. Last two lines of the sector should be identical
call DisplaySector
;;;;;;;;;;;;#End of TEST-3#;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;

;;;;;;;;;;;;#TEST-4#;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
;now test the copysector and compare sector routines
;lets copy the sector we have tested in test3 on to another sector

mov dh,0 ;head
mov ch,5 ;track
mov bh,2 ;sector
mov si, Sector1 ;buffer address for source sector
mov dl,1 ;destination head
mov cl,6 ;dest track
mov bl,3 ;dest sector
mov di, Sector2 ;buffer for dest sector
call SectorCopy

;if I uncomment the following line before the sectorcompare is called,
;it should return sectors are NOT equal.
;Otherwise it should print sectors are equal

;mov bl, 4 ;uncomment it and sector compare result should be Not equal

;now if we compare these two sectors, function should return FF (equal)
call SectorCompare
cmp al, 0FFH
je SectorEqual
;sectors are not equal
mov SI, MsgNotEqual
call PutString
jmp exitProgram

SectorEqual:
;sectors are equal
mov SI, MsgEqual
call PutString
exitProgram:

;;;;;;;;;;;;#End of TEST-4#;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
mov AX, 04C00H ; Exit the program
int 21H

; SUBROUTINES ******************************************

; *****************************************************************
; Subroutine name: ReadSector
; Function: Reads a specified sector into a buffer
; Entry conditions: Disk Head (0 or 1) in DH
; cylinder (track) number (00H to 4FH) in CH
; sector on track (01H to 12H) in CL
; buffer address for sector (200H in size) in BX
; Exit conditions: AH has success or error code value,
; sector copied to buffer,
; other register values unchanged
; *****************************************************************
ReadSector:
push BX
push CX
push DX
push AX
mov AH,02H ; read sector service number
mov AL,01H ; number of sectors to read
mov DL,00H ; drive number 0=a: floppy drive
int 13H ; BIOS Disk services

pop BX ; popping AX into BX
mov AL,BL ; restore AL to original value
pop DX
pop CX
pop BX
; AH has success/error code
ret

; *****************************************************************
; Subroutine name: WriteSector
; Function: Writes a buffer to a specified sector
; Entry conditions: Disk Head (0 or 1) in DH
; cylinder (track) number (00H to 4FH) in CH
; sector on track (01H to 12H) in CL
; buffer address for sector (200H in size) in BX
; Exit conditions: AH has success or error code value,
; buffer copied to sector,
; other register values unchanged
; *****************************************************************
WriteSector:
push BX
push CX
push DX
push AX
mov AH,03H ; write sector service number
mov AL,01H ; number of sectors to read
mov DL,0H ; drive number 0=a: floppy drive
int 13H ; BIOS Disk services

pop BX ; popping AX into BX
mov AL,BL ; restore AL to original value
pop DX
pop CX
pop BX
; AH has success/error code
ret

; *****************************************************************
; Subroutine name: InitSector
; Function: Sets bytes of specified sector to given value
; – initialises with value buffer before writing
; Entry conditions: byte value for initialisation in AL
; Disk Head (0 or 1) in DH
; cylinder (track) number (00H to 4FH) in CH
; sector on track (01H to 12H) in CL
; buffer address for sector operation (200H in size) in BX
; Exit conditions: AH has success or error code value,
; buffer copied to sector,
; other register values unchanged
; *****************************************************************
InitSector:
;copy 200H bytes into buffer starting at address BX
push cx
push bx

mov cx,200H

initSectorInitBuffer:
mov [bx],al
inc bx
loop initSectorInitBuffer

pop bx ;move the buffer address to its starting location
pop cx

;write sector; return value in AH

call WriteSector

ret

; *****************************************************************
; Subroutine name: GetByteAt
; Function: gets byte at specified location in specifed sector
; – gets sector into buffer – then gets byte
; Entry conditions: byte location in SI
; Disk Head (0 or 1) in DH
; cylinder (track) number (00H to 4FH) in CH
; sector on track (01H to 12H) in CL
; buffer address for sector operation (200H in size) in BX
; Exit conditions: AH has success or error code value,
; AL has byte from sector,
; other register values unchanged
; *****************************************************************
GetByteAt:
call ReadSector ;read sector into buffer
mov al, [bx+si] ;copy the byte in AL

ret

; *****************************************************************
; Subroutine name: SetByteAt
; Function: sets byte at specified location in specifed sector
; to given value – gets sector into buffer -
; sets byte value,then writes buffer back to sector
; Entry conditions: byte location in DI
; byte value to assign to location in DL
; Disk Head (0 or 1) in DH
; cylinder (track) number (00H to 4FH) in CH
; sector on track (01H to 12H) in CL
; buffer address for sector operation (200H in size) in BX
; Exit conditions: AH has success or error code value,
; other register values unchanged
; *****************************************************************
SetByteAt:
call ReadSector
mov [bx+di],dl
call WriteSector

ret

; *****************************************************************
; Subroutine name: GetSubSector
; Function: gets copy of specified subsector of given sector
; – gets sector into buffer – then gets subsector
; Entry conditions: byte location of start of subsector in SI
; length of subsector in AX
; Disk Head (0 or 1) in DH
; cylinder (track) number (00H to 4FH) in CH
; sector on track (01H to 12H) in CL
; buffer address for sector operation (200H in size) in BX
; buffer address for subsector storage in BP
; Exit conditions: AH has success or error code value,
; copy of subsector in buffer addressed by BP,
; other register values unchanged
; *****************************************************************
GetSubSector:
push cx
push si
push di
push es

push ax ;save the length of subsector before readsector call
call ReadSector ;read sector into buffer

pop cx ;get length of subsector into cx

push ds
pop es ;set es to point to data segment register

add si, bx ;add buffer starting address to si (byte location of subsector)
;si is pointing to absolute source index of subsector now
mov di, bp ;destination for subsetor

cld ;clear direction flag to tell CPU to inc si,di in mov instruction

;The movsb (move string, bytes) fetches the byte at address ds:si,
;stores it at address es:di, and then increments or decrements the si and di
;registers by one. If the rep prefix is present, the CPU checks cx to see if it
;contains zero. If not, then it moves the byte from ds:si to es:di and decrements
;the cx register. This process repeats until cx becomes zero.

rep movsb ;copy cx bytes from ds:si to es:di

;restore saved registers
pop es
pop di
pop si
pop cx

ret

; *****************************************************************
; Subroutine name: SetSubSector
; Function: sets specified subsector of given sector to
; value of array specified
; – gets sector into buffer – then sets subsector
; in buffer, then writes buffer to sector
; Entry conditions: byte location of start of subsector in DI
; length of subsector in AX
; Disk Head (0 or 1) in DH
; cylinder (track) number (00H to 4FH) in CH
; sector on track (01H to 12H) in CL
; buffer address for sector operation (200H in size) in BX
; buffer address for subsector storage in BP
; Exit conditions: AH has success or error code value,
; subsector in buffer addressed by BP copied into sector,
; other register values unchanged
; *****************************************************************
SetSubSector:
push si
push di
push es
push cx
push dx

push ax ;save the length of subsector before readsector call
call ReadSector ;read sector into buffer

pop cx ;get length of subsector into cx

push ds
pop es ;set es to point to data segment register

cld ;clear direction flag to tell CPU to inc si,di in mov instruction
add di, bx ;add buffer starting address to di (start byte location of subsector)
;di is pointing to absolute point in buffer where we need to start copying
mov si, bp ;source for subsetor

rep movsb ;copy cx bytes from ds:si to es:di

pop dx
pop cx ;restore arguments for write sector call

call WriteSector

;restore saved registers

pop es
pop di
pop si

ret

; *****************************************************************
; Subroutine name: SectorCompare
; Function: compares 2 sectors for equality – returns FF
; if equal and 0 if not
; – get 2 specified sectors into buffers – compare
; buffers,return result
; Entry conditions: 1st sector – disk head in DH, cylinder in CH, sector in BH
; 2nd sector – disk head in DL, cylinder in CL, sector in BL
; buffer address for first sector (200H in size) in SI
; buffer address for second sector in DI
; Exit conditions: AH has success or error code value,
; AL is FF if sectors have identical contents, 0 otherwise
; other register values unchanged
; *****************************************************************
SectorCompare:
;save registers
push bx
push cx
push dx
push si
push di

;copy parameters on stack for second ReadSector call later
push bx
push cx
push dx

mov cl, bh ;move argument sector on track into CL
mov bx,si ;move argument buffer address in to BX
call ReadSector

;restore original arguments
pop dx
pop cx
pop bx

mov dh,dl ;argument disk head
mov ch,cl ;argument cylinder
mov cl,bl ;argument sector on track
mov bx,DI ;argument buffer address
call ReadSector

;both sectors copied to SI, DI locations respectively. Now we will compare them

mov cx, 200H

keepComparing:
mov al, [si]
cmp [di], al
jne sectorCompareNotEqual
inc si
inc di
loop keepComparing

;if control reach here , it means we have traversed complete sector and all bytes are equal
;set the return value to FF to represent this

mov al, 0FFH
jmp endCompare

sectorCompareNotEqual:
;if control comes here, it means we have found the non equal byte. Set al to 0 and return
mov al,0

endCompare:

;restore registers
pop di
pop si
pop dx
pop cx
pop bx
ret

; *****************************************************************
; Subroutine name: SectorCopy
; Function: copies source sector to destination sector
; – get source sector into buffer – copy to second buffer
; – write second buffer to destination sector
; Entry conditions: 1st sector – disk head in DH, cylinder in CH, sector in BH
; 2nd sector – disk head in DL, cylinder in CL, sector in BL
; buffer address for source sector (200H in size) in SI
; buffer address for destination sector in DI
; Exit conditions: AH has success or error code value,
; other register values unchanged
; *****************************************************************
SectorCopy:
;save registers
push bx
push cx
push dx
push si
push di
push es

;push parameters on stack for second time use for WriteSector call later
push bx
push cx
push dx
push di
push si

mov cl, bh ;move argument sector on track into CL
mov bx,si ;move argument buffer address in to BX
call ReadSector

;copy buffer1 onto buffer2
mov cx, 200H
push ds
pop es
cld ;clear direction flad
rep movsb

;restore original arguments
pop si
pop di
pop dx
pop cx
pop bx

mov dh,dl ;argument disk head
mov ch,cl ;argument cylinder
mov cl,bl ;argument sector on track
mov bx,DI ;argument buffer address
call WriteSector

;save registers
pop es
pop di
pop si
pop dx
pop cx
pop bx

ret

; *****************************************************************
; Subroutine name: DisplaySector
; Function: displays to console window contents of given sector
; display format is
; 32 (20H) lines, each line displays 16 bytes of the sector
; as ASCII characters and then as 4 digit hex numbers
; so a line consists of
; 16 ASCII characters, a 2 space separator, 16 bytes as hex numbers,
; then a newline – for readability you will need a
; space between each of the 4 digit hex numbers
; Entry conditions: Disk Head (0 or 1) in DH
; cylinder (track) number (00H to 4FH) in CH
; sector on track (01H to 12H) in CL
; buffer address for sector (200H in size) in BX
; Exit conditions: AH has success or error code value,
; sector displayed in console window -
; NOTE – since console window is 80×25 the whole
; of the sector cannot be displayed in the console
; window in one go – redirection can be used
; to send console output to a file for reading using
; an editor – thus e.g. at the dos prompt you can type
; sector-editor > filename
; filename wil contain all console output generated by
; sector-editor
; other register values unchanged
; *****************************************************************
DisplaySector:
push bx
push cx
push dx
push si

call ReadSector
mov cx,20H ;no of lines
mov si,0

outerLoop: ;outer loop for no of lines
push cx ;save outer loop counter
mov cx,10H ;no of bytes on each line

innerLoop1:
;display 16 bytes as ascii
mov dl,[bx+si]
call Putch
inc si
loop innerLoop1

mov dl,32 ;ascii for space character
call Putch

mov cx,10H ;no of bytes to be printed in hex
sub si,10H ;revind si to point to the start byte for this line

innerLoop2:
mov dh,32
call Putch
;display 16 bytes as HEX
mov dh,[bx+si]
call PutHex
inc si
loop innerLoop2

call Putln ;display end of line
pop cx ;restore outer loop counter
loop outerLoop

pop si
pop dx
pop cx
pop bx

ret

; End of user defined subroutines *********************************

%include “stdio.asm”

SECTION .data ; data segment for initialised data – also put constants here
MsgEqual db ‘Sectors are equal’,0
MsgNotEqual db ‘Sectors are NOT equal’,0

SECTION .bss ; data segment for unitialised data

Sector1 resb 512
Sector2 resb 512
SubSector1 resb 16 ;to test getSubSector and setSubSector

; you may need other buffers

JosephTham©

Important: If you taking this code or working on any projects, please quoted a references on it.